Glossary of Terms

If available, definitions are per those set forth by OPPTS 810.2000.

Algaecide any substance, or mixture of substances, intended to kill the number of algae in water.

Algistat means any substance, or mixture of substances, intended to inhibit the increase of algal populations. (ASTM E35.15 Draft)

Antibacterial means any substance, or mixture of substances, intended to destroy, eliminate, reduce, mitigate or control the growth or development of bacteria in the inanimate environment.

Antibiotic is a substance derived from mold or bacteria that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms (such as bacteria or fungi). Antibiotics are used to treat infectious diseases.

Antifoulant means any substance, or mixture of substances, intended to prevent the biological fouling of underwater structures.

Antimicrobial An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth or reproduction of bacteria, fungi, protozoa or viruses that are pathogenic.

Antimicrobial Pesticide means a pesticide [substance or mixture of substances] that is intended to disinfect, sanitize, reduce, or mitigate growth or development of microbiological organisms; or protect inanimate objects, industrial processes or systems, surfaces, water, or other chemical substances from contamination, fouling, or deterioration caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, or slime (FIFRA § 2 (mm)).

Antiseptic means a drug product applied topically to the skin to help prevent infection or to help prevent cross contamination (FDA Tentative Final Monograph for Healthcare Drug Products, 1994). Antiseptic products are applied on or in the living body of man or other

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animals. Antiseptic products are not identified as pesticides and are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

Aseptic means free of microbial contamination consistent with FDA 21 CFR 178 for commercial sterilants for aseptic food packaging.

Bacteria One of several different types of microorganisms or germs that multiply by division of a single cell into two bacterial cells.

Bacteriostat means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the presence of moisture. (FIFRA § 4(i)(4)(C)(ii))

Biocide or Germicide A substance that has the ability to kill microorganisms. When a killing action is implied, the suffix –cide (e.g. biocide, bactericide, virucide, etc.) is used, while –static (e.g. bacteriostatic, virostatic, etc.) is added when an organism’s growth is merely inhibited or it is prevented from multiplying.

Biofilm means a dynamic, self-organized accumulation of microorganisms and environmental by-products immobilized on a substrate and embedded in an organic polymer mix (ASTM E35.15 Draft). This organic polymer mix is also known by the term “glycocalyx”.

Deodorizer means a substance, or mixture of substances, that are of two basic types: (1) Those that intended to prevent, reduce, or delay the formation of odors by acting upon microorganisms which produce them, and (2) those that intended to mask, chemically de- stroy, or neutralize odors. Products that claim deodorization by antimicrobial means are subject to registration as pesticides.

Detergent serves to disperse and remove soil and organic material from surfaces allowing a disinfectant to reach and destroy microbes within and beneath dirt. These products also reduce surface tension and increase the penetrability of water, thereby allowing more organic matter to be removed from surfaces. Quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants have detergent properties.

Disinfectant means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to destroy or irreversibly inactivate bacteria, fungi, or viruses on surfaces or inanimate objects (FIFRA § 4(i)(4)(C)(iii)).

Fungicide means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to destroy fungi (including yeasts) and/or fungal spores.

Fungistat means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to inhibit the growth of fungi in the inanimate environment.

Inert ingredients are inactive ingredients that are combined into one statement and include items such as surfactant, dyes or coloring agents, perfumes, and water.

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Microbiocide means any substance, or mixture of substances, intended to reduce the number of living microorganisms (e.g., virucide-virus, mycobactericide-mycobacteria, algaecide-algae; bactericide-bacteria; fungicide-fungi; slimicide-slime-forming microorganisms). (See also “biocide.”)

Microbiostat means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to control or temporarily prevent the growth of microorganisms (e.g., bacteriostat, fungistat, algistat).

One-Step Sanitizer/Disinfectant means a substance or mixture of substances intended to be effective in the presence of light to moderate soil without a pre-clean step in the use directions.

Preservative means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to inhibit the growth of microorganisms capable of causing biological deterioration of a substance(s)/material(s).

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Substances derived from the ammonium cation, NH4+, with one or more hydrogen atoms being replaced by organic groups, and for most purposes prepared as a salt.

Sanitizer means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to reduce the number of microorganisms on inanimate surfaces, in water or air (FIFRA § 4(i)(4)(C)(i)).

Sporicide means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to irreversibly inactivate bacterial spores in the inanimate environment.

Sterilant means a substance, or mixture of substances, intended to destroy or eliminate all forms of microbial life in the inanimate environment, including all forms of vegetative bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, fungal spores, and viruses.

Sterilization The process, either physical (i.e. extreme heat) or chemical (i.e. ethylene oxide), that destroys all microorganisms including spores.

Tuberculocide means a substance, or mixture of substances that destroys or irreversibly inactivates tubercle bacilli (e.g. Mycobacterium) in the inanimate environment.

Two-Step Sanitizer/Disinfectant means a substance or mixture of substances that has not been tested in the presence of soil. The sanitizer/disinfectant use directions must state the need to preclean surfaces prior to sanitizing/disinfecting.

Virucide means a substance, or mixture of substances that destroys or irreversibly inactivates viruses in the inanimate environment.